The Effects of Scramble and Partition in East
Africa
introduction
East Africa was divided among the European powers
i.e. Britain and Germany. The British
took up Uganda and Kenya which was the northern part of East Africa and Germany
took Tanganyika which was the southern part of East Africa. The effects include the following:
effect
The East African states lost their independence
and were subjected to European rule and administration e.g. Kenya and Uganda in
were in the hands of the British while Tanzania was controlled by the Germans.
Many African chiefs or kings were killed or sent
into exile because of the scramble and partition in East Africa for example
Kabalega and Mwanga were exiled while chief Mkwawa of the Hehe was beheaded for
resisting German colonial rule in Tanganyika.
They established new systems of administration
i.e. indirect rule by the British and direct rule by the Germans.
The Africans were regarded as an inferior group
and were forced to provide labour for European plantations and other public
works.
There was an increase of Europeans in East Africa
for example many of them settled in the Kenya highlands. Thus Africans lost
their land and were put into reserve camps e.g. the Masai.
After the partition, new boundaries were drawn
and defined in East Africa without respect of the tribes which led to disunity
of Africans.
Slave trade was completely wiped out and replaced
with legitimate trade in East Africa.
Scramble and partition accelerated the
construction and development of infrastructure such as schools, hospitals,
roads and bridges.
There was maximum exploitation of resources in
East Africa like Ivory, Minerals like Gold, Copper, and Cash crops like Cotton,
Coffee, and Sisal etc.
Agriculture was promoted and developed and some
of the cash crops which were introduced like cotton and sisal became the export
base of East Africa. They also
introduced new methods of farming.
They developed legitimate trade, which enabled
them to get raw materials for their industries and they sold their products to
East Africans.
They promoted the western culture in East Africa
for example the way of dressing, religion, building, eating habits etc.
They undermined African cultures who took up the
western culture and goods. Africans
therefore developed an inferiority complex as their traditional customs were despised
and they took up the European culture as their way of life.
Taxes were introduced to be paid in form of money
for example hut tax and gun tax, which encouraged the use of money.
Western formal education was introduced which
replaced informal African education.
Administrative centres/posts were built in East
Africa for example in Kampala, Nairobi and Dar-es-Salaam.
Christianity was introduced and spread in East
Africa whereby many people were converted from Islam to Christianity. Various churches were also constructed in
East Africa.
