RESEARCH

By
RESEARCH 

(USEFUL FOR SECONDARY STUDENTS)
(MATHEMATICAL GEOGRAPHY FORM 4)

 a student must find other relative notes about research. and at the end of this chapter you will be asked:

1. research proposal
2.research methodoloy
3.field report
4.how to collect data in the field area
5.determine problems during data collection
6.necessary requirements before carry out research 
7.types of research.
8.importance of research
9.why we carry out research
10.uses  of research.

note:  before further  notes of research to be posted here, you are recommended to find research information(notes)    either from other  websites or geography books.
use the guidelines that i have mentioned from above......

today am going to show you only a concept of research.  then after a while,  further notes will be updated 


THE MEANING OF RESEARCH

The research is considered to be more formal, systematic and intensive process of carrying on a scientific method of analysis. Scientific method in solving problems may be an observation, analysis and conclusion or observation, problem identification and hypothesis formulation by formal application.
Research may be defined as the systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled observation that may lead to the development of generalizations, principles, or theories, resulting in prediction and possibly ultimately control of an event.


THE STAGES FOR RESEARCH PROCESS
  1. Problem identification
  2. Literature review
  3. Data collection
  4. Data analysis
  5. Conclusion and Recommendations.
TYPES OF RESEARCH

A. BASIC/PURE/FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH
B. APPLIED RESEARCH


  1. BASIC RESEARCH
This is the kind of research conducted for the aim of generating and expanding knowledge. It includes generalization and formulation of principles or theories.
The fundamental research is sometimes carried on in a laboratory or other sterile environment, sometimes with animals. This type of research has no immediate or planned applications, may later result in further research of an applied nature.


CHARACTERISTICS OF BASIC RESARCH
  1. It is conducted in a specific area for example in the laboratory
  2. It takes a long time to conduct as it involves the investigation of a particular problem.
  3. It uses animals as study samples
  4. It is done for the aim of generating and expanding knowledge.
  5. It uses scientific procedures to solve immediate problems

      B.  APPLIED RESEARCH
It is a type of research that use the knowledge generated from basic research to solve immediate problems.

CHARACTERISTICS OF APPLIED RESEARCH
  1. It can be conducted at any place.
  2. It is used to solve immediate problems.
  3. Uses human being as the study sample
  4. It is a work of educators
  5. It can be used to improve teaching and learning process.
THE OBJECTIVES/AIMS OF RESEARCH IN EDUCATION.
  1. Research is applied to solve problems in a certain area
  2. It helps the learners to gain the knowledge and skills
  3. It can also be used to simplify the process of teaching and learning.
  4. The research conducted can be used to test the validity and be used to develop new theories.
STAGES OF RESEARCH

Research is scientific and systematic process of collecting, analyzing and interpreting data basing on a certain problem or phenomena,
Research work also is the scientific and systematic process of finding the truth concerning a specific phenomena or problem.
Normally research work use scientific stages and finding the solution of the identified phenomena such stages are Identification of problem, Pre-survey, Literature review, Formulation of hypothesis, Research design, Data collection, Analysis of data, Hypothesis testing, Data interpretation and preservation, Report writing.



The following are the stages of conducting research.
1. Problem identification or formulation of research problem.
A problem is a question or idea of interest which ought to be answered through data collection. The researcher is required to;-
  1. Single out the problem of study
  2. Understand the problem e.g.; mass failure in secondary schools.
2. Pre-surveying
A researcher should make a survey of a place where the research is going to be conducted to know things like transport, weather etc


3. Literature review
This is reading of various publications to know what other people say about what you are investigating.


4. Formulation of hypothesis
This is an assumption based on what one expects to find out in the field. It can be either true or false.e.g mass failure in school is due to inadequate teaching and learning materials.


5. Research designing
This is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of data in the manner that aim to combine relevance to the research purpose. It is the conceptual structure within which the study is conducted.


6. Data collection
Refers to the collection of various information data in the field to enrich a research. Data collection can be done by observation, interview, questionnaires, or group discussions.

7. Analysis of data
The data you have, make no sense until you convert the information into sensible ideas, and make no sense until they answer the question you had asked in the problem.


8. Hypothesis testing
After data analysis the researcher needs to test the hypothesis formulated earlier the major question here is whether the fact support the hypothesis or not.


9. Data interpretation and preservation
After getting correct information about the study topic the analyzed data is interpreted and preserved in different statistical graphs and charts so that it can be understood to everyone.


10. Report writing
At the end of the research, the researcher has to prepare a report of what has been done the researchers’ finding have to be communicated or exposed to the public.
Generally all the above steps are helpful, if each stage will be done effectively will help to obtain factual information/solutions about various phenomena under consistence /effective preparation.